Phenomenology

Phenomenology is a systematic investigation of consciousness based on the structure of undifferentiated experiences. 

Significant thinkers:

Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), (Founder)

Martin Heidegger (1889-1979)

Alfred Schutz (1899-1959), (Pupil of Edmund Husserl)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

Important Theories & Ideas:

Phenomenology of the Social World (1932) - Alfred Schutz  

The Life World - Edmund Husserl

Transcendental Inter-subjectivity (1931) - Edmund Husserl

Phenomenology is considered as the world of conscious experiences from the personal view, that can be thought, perception, desire, emotions, language and action. These experiences help to develop awareness about self in different roles, purposes or actions. It is not only limited to the awareness about the actions of self, but also about the others. 

According to Husserl, because of experiencing or performing these actions unconsciously for being so long, they lead to develop an intention-based action.

There are two basic acts of consciousness:

First order Typification: It is naturally made up by typical model of things and people who are bringing up with the sense of assumptions based own their common sense and stock of knowledge in their hands.   

Second Order Typification: It a rational model of social world, and according to Alfred Schutz, it’s a responsibility of sociologists to construct the second order of typification. 

The impact of phenomenological sociology can be seen in ethnomethodology, as it is developed out of phenomenology.